Perspectives for Novel Mixed Diruthenium-Organic Drugs as Metallopharmaceuticals in Cancer Therapy

Ruthenium compounds have been actively studied as metallodrugs for cancer therapy. Representatives of ruthenium-based antitumor drugs are the classes of ruthenium(III)-chlorido-(N-ligand)complexes, including the drugs namely NAMI-A and KP1019 in clinical trials, and ruthenium(II)-arene organometallics, with some compounds currently undergoing advanced preclinical testing. An alternative approach for tumor-inhibiting metallodrugs is the coordination of metal ions to organic pharmaceuticals. The combination of antitumor-active ruthenium ion with biologically-active pro-ligands in single compounds can result in the enhancement of activity, for example through synergistic effects. In the present article, some developments in the ruthenium-based antitumor drugs field are briefly highlighted and recent studies on mixed diruthenium-organic drugs as metallopharmaceuticals in cancer therapy are described. Novel organic pharmaceuticals-containing diruthenium(II, III)complexes have shown promising antitumor activity for C6 rat glioma - a model for glioblastoma multiforme (GBA).